无线局域网
<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: visible; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-size: 1.8em; font-weight: normal; user-select: text !important; font-family: "Linux Libertine", Georgia, Times, serif; line-height: 1.3; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" lang="zh-Hans-CN">无线局域网<span class="mw-editsection" style="font-family: sans-serif; user-select: text !important; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="user-select: text !important;"></span><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); 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padding: 0.2em 0.4em; background: rgb(204, 204, 255); user-select: text !important; line-height: 1.2em; font-size: 15.8484px;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; user-select: text !important; white-space: nowrap;" class="mw-redirect">电脑网络</span>类型<br style="user-select: text !important;">（顺序按覆盖范围）</th></tr><tr style="user-select: text !important;"><td style="user-select: text !important; padding: 0.2em 0px 0.4em;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; user-select: text !important; white-space: nowrap;" class="image"><img alt="Data Networks classification by spatial scope.png" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Data_Networks_classification_by_spatial_scope.png/250px-Data_Networks_classification_by_spatial_scope.png" data-file-width="688" data-file-height="409" style="border: 0px; vertical-align: middle; user-select: text !important;" width="250" height="149"></span></td></tr><tr style="user-select: text !important;"><td style="user-select: text !important; padding: 0px 0.1em 0.4em; text-align: left;"><ul style="list-style-image: url("/w/skins/Vector/resources/skins.vector.styles/images/bullet-icon.svg?d4515"); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; user-select: text !important;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; user-select: text !important;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; user-select: text !important; white-space: nowrap;">纳米网络</span></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; user-select: text !important;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; user-select: text !important; white-space: nowrap;">近场通讯</span>（NFC）</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; user-select: text !important;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; user-select: text !important; white-space: nowrap;">蓝牙</span></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; user-select: text !important;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; user-select: text !important; white-space: nowrap;">体域网</span></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; user-select: text !important;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; user-select: text !important; white-space: nowrap;">个人局域网络</span>（PAN）<ul style="list-style-image: url("/w/skins/Vector/resources/skins.vector.styles/images/bullet-icon.svg?d4515"); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; user-select: text !important;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; user-select: text !important;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; user-select: text !important; white-space: nowrap;">无线个人网</span></li></ul></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; user-select: text !important;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; user-select: text !important; white-space: nowrap;">局域网</span>（LAN）<ul style="list-style-image: url("/w/skins/Vector/resources/skins.vector.styles/images/bullet-icon.svg?d4515"); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; user-select: text !important;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; user-select: text !important;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background: none; user-select: text !important; white-space: nowrap;" class="new">有线局域网</span><ul style="list-style-image: url("/w/skins/Vector/resources/skins.vector.styles/images/bullet-icon.svg?d4515"); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; user-select: text !important;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; user-select: text !important;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; user-select: text !important; white-space: nowrap;" class="mw-redirect">以太网络</span></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; user-select: text !important;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; user-select: text !important; white-space: nowrap;">令牌环</span></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; user-select: text !important;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; user-select: text !important; white-space: nowrap;">光纤分布式数据接口</span></li></ul></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; user-select: text !important;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink" style="text-decoration: inherit; color: inherit; background: none; user-select: text !important; cursor: pointer; font-weight: bold; white-space: nowrap;">无线局域网</a>（WLAN）<ul style="list-style-image: url("/w/skins/Vector/resources/skins.vector.styles/images/bullet-icon.svg?d4515"); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; user-select: text !important;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; user-select: text !important;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; user-select: text !important; white-space: nowrap;">Wi-Fi</span></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; user-select: text !important;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; user-select: text !important; white-space: nowrap;">ZigBee</span></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; user-select: text !important;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; user-select: text !important; white-space: nowrap;" class="mw-redirect">Thread</span></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; user-select: text !important;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; user-select: text !important; white-space: nowrap;" class="mw-redirect">MMDS</span></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; user-select: text !important;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; user-select: text !important; white-space: nowrap;" class="mw-redirect">SMDS</span></li></ul></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; user-select: text !important;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; user-select: text !important; white-space: nowrap;">虚拟局域网</span>（VLAN）</li></ul></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; user-select: text !important;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="家庭区域网络" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Home area network" style="user-select: text !important;"><span class="ilh-page" style="user-select: text !important;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 175, 137); background: none; user-select: text !important; white-space: nowrap;" class="new">家庭区域网络</span></span></span></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; user-select: text !important;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; user-select: text !important; white-space: nowrap;">存储区域网络</span>（SAN）</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; user-select: text !important;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; user-select: text !important; white-space: nowrap;">园区网络</span>（CAN）</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; user-select: text !important;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Backbone_network" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Backbone_network" style="user-select: text !important;"><span class="ilh-page" style="user-select: text !important;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 175, 137); background: none; user-select: text !important; white-space: nowrap;" class="new">骨干网</span></span></span></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; user-select: text !important;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; user-select: text !important; white-space: nowrap;">城域网</span>（MAN）</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; user-select: text !important;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; user-select: text !important; white-space: nowrap;">广域网</span>（WAN）<ul style="list-style-image: url("/w/skins/Vector/resources/skins.vector.styles/images/bullet-icon.svg?d4515"); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; user-select: text !important;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; user-select: text !important;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; user-select: text !important; white-space: nowrap;">异步传输模式</span></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; user-select: text !important;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; user-select: text !important; white-space: nowrap;">帧中继</span></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; user-select: text !important;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; user-select: text !important; white-space: nowrap;">同步数字体系</span>（SDH）</li></ul></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; user-select: text !important;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; user-select: text !important; white-space: nowrap;" class="mw-redirect">企业专用网络</span></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; user-select: text !important;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; user-select: text !important; white-space: nowrap;">虚拟私人网络</span>（VPN）</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; user-select: text !important;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Internet area network" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Internet area network" style="user-select: text !important;"><span class="ilh-page" style="user-select: text !important;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 175, 137); background: none; user-select: text !important; white-space: nowrap;" class="new">云端</span></span></span>（IAN）</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; user-select: text !important;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; user-select: text !important; white-space: nowrap;">互联网</span></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; user-select: text !important;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; user-select: text !important; white-space: nowrap;">星际互联网</span>（IPN）</li></ul></td></tr><tr style="user-select: text !important;"><td style="user-select: text !important; text-align: right; font-size: 15.1881px;"><br></td></tr></tbody></table><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; user-select: text !important;"><b style="user-select: text !important;">无线局域网</b>（英语：<span style="user-select: text !important;" lang="en"><b style="user-select: text !important;">W</b>ireless<span> </span><b style="user-select: text !important;">LAN</b></span>，<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; user-select: text !important;">缩写</span><b style="user-select: text !important;">WLAN</b>）是不使用任何导线或传输电缆连接的<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; user-select: text !important;">局域网</span>，而使用<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; user-select: text !important;">无线电波</span>或<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background: none; user-select: text !important;" class="new">电场与磁场</span>作为数据传送的介质，传送距离一般只有几十米。无线局域网的主干网路通常使用有线电缆，无线局域网用户通过一个或多个<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; user-select: text !important;" class="mw-redirect">无线接取器</span>接入无线局域网。无线局域网现在已经广泛的应用在商务区，大学，机场，及其他需要无在线网的公共区域。</p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; user-select: text !important;">无线局域网最通用的标准是<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; user-select: text !important;" class="mw-redirect">IEEE</span>定义的<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; user-select: text !important;" class="mw-redirect">802.11</span>系列标准，以及中华人民共和国从2003年开始陆续颁布的一系列<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; user-select: text !important;">国家标准</span><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; user-select: text !important;">WAPI</span>。</p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; user-select: text !important;">近年还出了新的无线技术，例如<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; user-select: text !important;" class="mw-redirect">Li-Fi</span><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background: none; user-select: text !important;" class="new">可见光上网</span>，<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background: none; user-select: text !important;" class="new">电场磁场无线网</span><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background: none; user-select: text !important;" class="new">DCCC-Fi</span>等，这些新技术也为无线网家族添加新成员，为互联网，物联网注入新活力。</p><div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading" style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); background-color: rgb(248, 249, 250); padding: 7px; font-size: 14.2576px; display: table; user-select: text !important;"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="user-select: text !important; direction: ltr; position: absolute; opacity: 0; z-index: -1; display: none;"><div class="toctitle" dir="ltr" style="user-select: text !important; text-align: center; direction: ltr;" lang="zh-Hans-CN"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border: 0px; font-size: 14.2576px; font-weight: bold; user-select: text !important; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 1.3; display: inline;">目录</h2><span class="toctogglespan" style="font-size: 13.4021px; user-select: text !important;"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox" style="cursor: pointer; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); user-select: text !important;"></label></span></div><ul style="list-style-image: none; margin: 0.3em 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text !important; list-style-type: none; text-align: left;"><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; user-select: text !important;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; user-select: text !important;"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(32, 33, 34); padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em; user-select: text !important;">1</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; user-select: text !important;">发展历史</span></span></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; user-select: text !important;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; user-select: text !important;"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(32, 33, 34); padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em; user-select: text !important;">2</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; user-select: text !important;">技术简述</span></span><ul style="list-style-image: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; user-select: text !important; list-style-type: none; text-align: left;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; user-select: text !important;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; user-select: text !important;"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(32, 33, 34); padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em; user-select: text !important;">2.1</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; user-select: text !important;">网络成员和结构</span></span></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; user-select: text !important;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; user-select: text !important;"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(32, 33, 34); padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em; user-select: text !important;">2.2</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; user-select: text !important;">服务</span></span></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; user-select: text !important;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; user-select: text !important;"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(32, 33, 34); padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em; user-select: text !important;">2.3</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; user-select: text !important;">无线局域网安全</span></span></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; user-select: text !important;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; user-select: text !important;"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(32, 33, 34); padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em; user-select: text !important;">3</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; user-select: text !important;">参见</span></span></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; user-select: text !important;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; user-select: text !important;"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(32, 33, 34); padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em; user-select: text !important;">4</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; user-select: text !important;">参考文献</span></span></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; user-select: text !important;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; user-select: text !important;"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(32, 33, 34); padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em; user-select: text !important;">5</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; user-select: text !important;">外部链接</span></span></li></ul></div><h2 style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-size: 1.5em; font-weight: normal; user-select: text !important; font-family: "Linux Libertine", Georgia, Times, serif; line-height: 1.3;"><span id=".E5.8F.91.E5.B1.95.E5.8E.86.E5.8F.B2" style="user-select: text !important;"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="发展历史" style="user-select: text !important;">发展历史</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="font-family: sans-serif; user-select: text !important; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="user-select: text !important; margin-right: 0.25em; color: rgb(84, 89, 93);">[</span><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; user-select: text !important; white-space: nowrap;">编辑</span><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="user-select: text !important; margin-left: 0.25em; color: rgb(84, 89, 93);">]</span></span></h2><div class="thumb tright" style="user-select: text !important; margin: 0.5em 0px 1.3em 1.4em; width: auto; background-color: transparent; clear: right; float: right;"><div class="thumbinner" style="user-select: text !important; border: 1px solid rgb(200, 204, 209); padding: 3px; background-color: rgb(248, 249, 250); font-size: 14.1075px; text-align: center; overflow: hidden; width: 222px;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; user-select: text !important;" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/AirStation_WHR-G54S.jpg/220px-AirStation_WHR-G54S.jpg" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="1225" data-file-height="1625" style="border: 1px solid rgb(200, 204, 209); vertical-align: middle; user-select: text !important; background-color: rgb(248, 249, 250);" width="220" height="292"></span><div class="thumbcaption" style="user-select: text !important; border: 0px; line-height: 1.4em; padding: 3px; font-size: 13.2611px; text-align: left;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; user-select: text !important;" class="mw-redirect">无线接取器</span>(型号：<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background: none; user-select: text !important;" class="new">Buffalo</span><span> </span>AirStation WHR-G54S)</div></div></div><div class="thumb tright" style="user-select: text !important; margin: 0.5em 0px 1.3em 1.4em; width: auto; background-color: transparent; clear: right; float: right;"><div class="thumbinner" style="user-select: text !important; border: 1px solid rgb(200, 204, 209); padding: 3px; background-color: rgb(248, 249, 250); font-size: 14.1075px; text-align: center; overflow: hidden; width: 222px;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; user-select: text !important;" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/PCMCIA-card-750px.jpg/220px-PCMCIA-card-750px.jpg" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="600" style="border: 1px solid rgb(200, 204, 209); vertical-align: middle; user-select: text !important; background-color: rgb(248, 249, 250);" width="220" height="174"></span><div class="thumbcaption" style="user-select: text !important; border: 0px; line-height: 1.4em; padding: 3px; font-size: 13.2611px; text-align: left;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; user-select: text !important;">PC卡</span>接口的无线网卡（型号：<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; user-select: text !important;" class="mw-redirect">NETGEAR</span><span> </span>WG511）</div></div></div><div class="thumb tright" style="user-select: text !important; margin: 0.5em 0px 1.3em 1.4em; width: auto; background-color: transparent; clear: right; float: right;"><div class="thumbinner" style="user-select: text !important; border: 1px solid rgb(200, 204, 209); padding: 3px; background-color: rgb(248, 249, 250); font-size: 14.1075px; text-align: center; overflow: hidden; width: 222px;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; user-select: text !important;" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Planet_WL-8310.JPG/220px-Planet_WL-8310.JPG" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" style="border: 1px solid rgb(200, 204, 209); vertical-align: middle; user-select: text !important; background-color: rgb(248, 249, 250);" width="220" height="165"></span><div class="thumbcaption" style="user-select: text !important; border: 0px; line-height: 1.4em; padding: 3px; font-size: 13.2611px; text-align: left;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; user-select: text !important;" class="mw-disambig">PCI</span>接口的无线网卡（型号：<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background: none; user-select: text !important;" class="new">Planet</span><span> </span>WL-8310）</div></div></div><div class="thumb tright" style="user-select: text !important; margin: 0.5em 0px 1.3em 1.4em; width: auto; background-color: transparent; clear: right; float: right;"><div class="thumbinner" style="user-select: text !important; border: 1px solid rgb(200, 204, 209); padding: 3px; background-color: rgb(248, 249, 250); font-size: 14.1075px; text-align: center; overflow: hidden; width: 222px;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; user-select: text !important;" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Buffalo_WLI-U2-KG54L.jpg/220px-Buffalo_WLI-U2-KG54L.jpg" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" style="border: 1px solid rgb(200, 204, 209); vertical-align: middle; user-select: text !important; background-color: rgb(248, 249, 250);" width="220" height="165"></span><div class="thumbcaption" style="user-select: text !important; border: 0px; line-height: 1.4em; padding: 3px; font-size: 13.2611px; text-align: left;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; user-select: text !important;">USB</span>接口的无线网卡（型号：Buffalo AirStation WLI-U2-KG54L）</div></div></div><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; user-select: text !important;">无线局域网第一个版本发表于1997年，其中定义了<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; user-select: text !important;" class="mw-redirect">介质访问接入控制层</span>和<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; user-select: text !important;">物理层</span>。物理层定义了工作在2.4GHz的<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; user-select: text !important;">ISM频段</span>上的两种无线调频方式和一种红外传输的方式，总数据传输速率设计为2Mbit/s。两个设备之间的通信可以自由直接（ad hoc）的方式进行，也可以在基站（Base Station）或者访问点（Access Point）的协调下进行。</p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; user-select: text !important;">1999年，加上了两个补充版本：<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; user-select: text !important;" class="mw-redirect">802.11a</span>定义了一个在5GHz ISM频段上的数据传输速率可达54Mbit/s的物理层，<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; user-select: text !important;" class="mw-redirect">802.11b</span>定义了一个在2.4GHz的ISM频段上但数据传输速率高达11Mbit/s的物理层。 2.4GHz的<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; user-select: text !important;">ISM频段</span>为世界上绝大多数国家通用，因此802.11b得到了最为广泛的应用。苹果公司把自己开发的802.11标准起名叫AirPort。1999年工业界成立了<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; user-select: text !important;">Wi-Fi联盟</span>，致力解决符合802.11标准的产品的生产和设备兼容性问题。 802.11标准和补充。</p><ul style="list-style-image: url("/w/skins/Vector/resources/skins.vector.styles/images/bullet-icon.svg?d4515"); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; user-select: text !important;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; user-select: text !important;">802.11，1997年，原始标准（2Mbit/s工作在2.4GHz）。</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; user-select: text !important;">802.11a，1999年，物理层补充（54Mbit/s工作在5GHz）。</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; user-select: text !important;">802.11b，1999年，物理层补充（11Mbit/s工作在2.4GHz）。</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; user-select: text !important;">802.11c，符合802.1D的媒体接入控制层（MAC）桥接（MAC Layer Bridging）。</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; user-select: text !important;">802.11d，根据各国无线电规定做的调整。</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; user-select: text !important;">802.11e，对服务等级（Quality of Service, QoS）的支持。</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; user-select: text !important;">802.11f，基站的互连性（Interoperability）。</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; user-select: text !important;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; user-select: text !important;" class="mw-redirect">802.11g</span>，物理层补充（54Mbit/s工作在2.4GHz）。</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; user-select: text !important;">802.11h，无线覆盖半径的调整，室内（indoor）和室外（outdoor）信道（5GHz频段）。</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; user-select: text !important;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; user-select: text !important;" class="mw-redirect">802.11i</span>，安全和鉴权（Authentification）方面的补充。</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; user-select: text !important;">802.11o，导入多重输入输出（MIMO）和40Mbit通道宽度（HT40）技术，基本上是802.11a/g的延伸版。</li></ul><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; user-select: text !important;">除了上面的IEEE标准，另外有一个被称为<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background: none; user-select: text !important;" class="new">IEEE 802.11b+</span>的技术，通过<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background: none; user-select: text !important;" class="new">PBCC</span>（Packet Binary Convolutional Code）技术在IEEE 802.11b（2.4GHz频段） 基础上提供22Mbit/s的数据传输速率。但这事实上并不是一个IEEE的公开标准，而是一项<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; user-select: text !important;" class="mw-redirect">产权</span>私有的技术（产权属于<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; user-select: text !important;">德州仪器</span>）。</p><h2 style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-size: 1.5em; font-weight: normal; user-select: text !important; font-family: "Linux Libertine", Georgia, Times, serif; line-height: 1.3;"><span id=".E6.8A.80.E6.9C.AF.E7.AE.80.E8.BF.B0" style="user-select: text !important;"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="技术简述" style="user-select: text !important;">技术简述</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="font-family: sans-serif; user-select: text !important; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="user-select: text !important; margin-right: 0.25em; color: rgb(84, 89, 93);">[</span><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; user-select: text !important; white-space: nowrap;">编辑</span><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="user-select: text !important; margin-left: 0.25em; color: rgb(84, 89, 93);">]</span></span></h2><h3 style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; overflow: hidden; font-size: 1.2em; user-select: text !important; line-height: 1.6; font-weight: bold;"><span id=".E7.BD.91.E7.BB.9C.E6.88.90.E5.91.98.E5.92.8C.E7.BB.93.E6.9E.84" style="user-select: text !important;"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="网络成员和结构" style="user-select: text !important;">网络成员和结构</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="font-family: sans-serif; user-select: text !important; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="user-select: text !important; margin-right: 0.25em; color: rgb(84, 89, 93);">[</span><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; user-select: text !important; white-space: nowrap;">编辑</span><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="user-select: text !important; margin-left: 0.25em; color: rgb(84, 89, 93);">]</span></span></h3><ul style="list-style-image: url("/w/skins/Vector/resources/skins.vector.styles/images/bullet-icon.svg?d4515"); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; user-select: text !important;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; user-select: text !important;">站点（Station），网络最基本的组成部分。</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; user-select: text !important;">基本服务单元（Basic Service Set, BSS）。网络最基本的服务单元。最简单的服务单元可以只由两个站点组成。站点可以动态地联结（associate）到基本服务单元中。</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; user-select: text !important;">分配系统（Distribution System, DS）。分配系统用于连接不同的基本服务单元。分配系统使用的介质（Medium）逻辑上和基本服务单元使用的介质是截然分开的，尽管它们物理上可能会是同一个介质，例如同一个无线频段。</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; user-select: text !important;">接入点（Access Point, AP）。接入点是无线网和有线网的接口，既有普通站点的身份，又有接入到分配系统的功能。</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; user-select: text !important;">扩展服务单元（Extended Service Set, ESS）。由分配系统和基本服务单元组合而成。这种组合是逻辑上，并非物理上的--不同的基本服务单元物有可能在地理位置相去甚远。分配系统也可以使用各种各样的技术。</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; user-select: text !important;">关口（Portal），也是一个逻辑成分。用于将无线局域网和有线<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; user-select: text !important;">局域网</span>或其它网络联系起来。</li></ul><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; user-select: text !important;">此处有3种介质，站点使用的无线的介质，分配系统使用的介质，以及和无线局域网集成一起的其它<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; user-select: text !important;">局域网</span>使用的介质。物理上它们可能互相重叠。IEEE802.11只负责在站点使用的无线的介质上的寻址（Addressing）。分配系统和其它局域网的寻址不属无线局域网的范围。</p><h3 style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; overflow: hidden; font-size: 1.2em; user-select: text !important; line-height: 1.6; font-weight: bold;"><span id=".E6.9C.8D.E5.8A.A1" style="user-select: text !important;"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="服务" style="user-select: text !important;">服务</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="font-family: sans-serif; user-select: text !important; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="user-select: text !important; margin-right: 0.25em; color: rgb(84, 89, 93);">[</span><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; user-select: text !important; white-space: nowrap;">编辑</span><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="user-select: text !important; margin-left: 0.25em; color: rgb(84, 89, 93);">]</span></span></h3><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; user-select: text !important;">IEEE802.11没有具体定义分配系统，只是定义了分配系统应该提供的服务（Service）。整个无线局域网定义了9种服务：</p><ul style="list-style-image: url("/w/skins/Vector/resources/skins.vector.styles/images/bullet-icon.svg?d4515"); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; user-select: text !important;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; user-select: text !important;">5种服务属于分配系统的任务，分别为：联接（Association）、结束联接（Diassociation）、分配（Distribution）、集成（Integration）、再联接（Reassociation）。</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; user-select: text !important;">4种服务属于站点的任务，分别为：鉴权（Authentication）、结束鉴权（Deauthentication）、隐私（Privacy）、MAC数据传输（MSDU delivery）。</li></ul><h3 style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; overflow: hidden; font-size: 1.2em; user-select: text !important; line-height: 1.6; font-weight: bold;"><span id=".E6.97.A0.E7.BA.BF.E5.B1.80.E5.9F.9F.E7.BD.91.E5.AE.89.E5.85.A8" style="user-select: text !important;"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="无线局域网安全" style="user-select: text !important;">无线局域网安全</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="font-family: sans-serif; user-select: text !important; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="user-select: text !important; margin-right: 0.25em; color: rgb(84, 89, 93);">[</span><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; user-select: text !important; white-space: nowrap;">编辑</span><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="user-select: text !important; margin-left: 0.25em; color: rgb(84, 89, 93);">]</span></span></h3><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; user-select: text !important;">有线网络，可以在一定程度上，通过物理的方式，限制对网络的访问。但是，无线局域网安全问题如果没有慎重的得到考虑，入侵者，可能通过监听无线网络数据，来获得未授权的访问。大多数的<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; user-select: text !important;">Wi-Fi</span>认证的802.11 a/b/g无线网络设备，提供几种方式的安全，比如：<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; user-select: text !important;">有线等效加密</span>（WEP: Wired Equivalent Privacy） /或<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; user-select: text !important;">WPA/WPA2</span>（Wi-Fi Protected Access）。</p></div></div></div><p></p>
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