站长特别讨厌的昆虫--蚊子
<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: visible; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-size: 1.8em; font-weight: normal; font-family: "Linux Libertine", Georgia, Times, serif; line-height: 1.3; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" lang="zh-Hans-CN">蚊<span class="mw-editsection" style="font-family: sans-serif; user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; white-space: nowrap;">编辑</span><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h1><div id="bodyContent" class="mw-body-content" style="position: relative; z-index: 0; font-size: 0.938em; line-height: 1.6; color: rgb(32, 33, 34); font-family: sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><b>蚊科</b>（<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="mw-redirect">学名</span>：<span lang="la">Culicidae</span>）是<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="mw-redirect">昆虫纲</span><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">双翅目</span>之下的一个<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="mw-disambig">科</span>。该科生物通常被称为<b>蚊</b>或<b>蚊子</b>，是一种具有刺吸式<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">口器</span>的纤小飞虫。绝大多数蚊科的雄蚊以植物汁液为食，雌蚊则<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">外寄生</span>于其他生物表面，使用刺吸式<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">口器</span>刺穿<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">宿主</span>的<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="mw-redirect">皮肤</span>以吸取<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">血液</span>。其<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">宿主</span>成千上万，主要为<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">脊椎动物</span>，如<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">哺乳动物</span>、<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="mw-redirect">鸟类</span>、<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">爬行动物</span>、<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">两栖动物</span>、<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="mw-redirect">鱼类</span>等。有些种类的蚊子还会寄生于<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">节肢动物</span>。吸食血液对宿主一般不会有太大影响，但在吸食过程中，蚊子的唾液会使宿主出现<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="mw-redirect">皮疹</span>等症状。蚊子是许多种疾病的<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">传播媒介</span>，蚊子会以吸食<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">血液</span>的方式，将疾病从一个<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">宿主</span>体内传播到另一个宿主体内，<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="mw-redirect">登革热</span>、<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="mw-redirect">疟疾</span>、<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="mw-redirect">黄热病</span>、<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="mw-redirect">寨卡病毒</span>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="絲蟲病" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Filariasis"><span class="ilh-page"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 175, 137); background: none;" class="new">丝虫病</span></span></span>、<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="mw-redirect">日本脑炎</span>、<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="mw-redirect">西尼罗河病毒</span>、<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">基孔肯雅热</span>等<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="虫媒病毒" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="arbovirus"><span class="ilh-page"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 175, 137); background: none;" class="new">虫媒病毒</span></span></span>可以通过这种方式快速传播，因此，蚊子被蚊虫控制协会（英文：Mosquito Control Association）评为世界上最危险的动物之一。目前除<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="mw-redirect">南极洲</span>外，各大洲皆有蚊子的广泛分布。<sup id="cite_ref-mmca-b_1-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; white-space: nowrap;"></span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; white-space: nowrap;"></span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; white-space: nowrap;"></span></sup><div id="mw-content-text" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="direction: ltr;" lang="zh-Hans-CN"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading" style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); background-color: rgb(248, 249, 250); padding: 7px; font-size: 14.2576px; display: table;"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="direction: ltr; position: absolute; opacity: 0; z-index: -1; display: none;"><div class="toctitle" dir="ltr" style="text-align: center; direction: ltr;" lang="zh-Hans-CN"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border: 0px; font-size: 14.2576px; font-weight: bold; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 1.3; display: inline;">目录</h2><span class="toctogglespan" style="font-size: 13.4021px;"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox" style="cursor: pointer; color: rgb(6, 69, 173);"></label></span></div><ul style="list-style-image: none; margin: 0.3em 0px; padding: 0px; list-style-type: none; text-align: left;"><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(32, 33, 34); padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">1</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">身体构造</span></span></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(32, 33, 34); padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">2</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">生活</span></span><ul style="list-style-image: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-type: none; text-align: left;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(32, 33, 34); padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">2.1</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">生活史</span></span></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(32, 33, 34); padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">2.2</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">摄食</span></span></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(32, 33, 34); padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">3</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">演化</span></span></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(32, 33, 34); padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">4</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">蚊与健康</span></span><ul style="list-style-image: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-type: none; text-align: left;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(32, 33, 34); padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">4.1</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">传染疾病的机制</span></span></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(32, 33, 34); padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">4.2</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">疟蚊与疟疾</span></span></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(32, 33, 34); padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">4.3</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">其他疾病</span></span></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(32, 33, 34); padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">4.4</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">叮咬与免疫反应</span></span></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(32, 33, 34); padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">5</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">蚊与信仰</span></span></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(32, 33, 34); padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">6</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">分类</span></span></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(32, 33, 34); padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">7</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">控制</span></span></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(32, 33, 34); padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">8</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">驱蚊、灭蚊偏方</span></span></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(32, 33, 34); padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">9</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">文化</span></span></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(32, 33, 34); padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">10</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">相册</span></span></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(32, 33, 34); padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">11</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">参考文献</span></span></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(32, 33, 34); padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">12</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">参见</span></span></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(32, 33, 34); padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">13</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">延伸阅读</span></span></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; color: rgb(32, 33, 34); padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">14</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">外部链接</span></span></li></ul></div><h2 style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-size: 1.5em; font-weight: normal; font-family: "Linux Libertine", Georgia, Times, serif; line-height: 1.3;"><span id=".E8.BA.AB.E9.AB.94.E6.A7.8B.E9.80.A0"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="身體構造">身体构造</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="font-family: sans-serif; user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em; color: rgb(84, 89, 93);">[</span><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; white-space: nowrap;">编辑</span><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em; color: rgb(84, 89, 93);">]</span></span></h2><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px;">跟一般的<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="mw-redirect">昆虫</span>一样，身体分为头、胸、腹三个部分。身体和脚皆细长。大小随种类不同，不过大部分小于15mm。体重约为2-2.5mg。只有一对翅膀（<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">双翅目</span>的特征），另一对退化为<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background: none;" class="new">平衡杆</span>。飞行速度约为每小时1.5到2.5公里，单次飞行可持续4分半钟，一般蚊子飞行时每秒翅膀振动594次左右；这样的振动，使我们在蚊子飞行时会听到“嗡嗡”的<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="mw-redirect">声音</span>。<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">口器</span>为刺吸式，特化成细长的喙，大部分种类雌蚊的口器都适合刺吸血液。蚊体表覆盖形状及颜色不同的鳞片，使蚊体呈不同的颜色。这是鉴别蚊类的重要依据之一。翅脉上也有鳞片，翅后缘有缘鳞。多为<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="mw-redirect">夜行性动物</span>。</p><h2 style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-size: 1.5em; font-weight: normal; font-family: "Linux Libertine", Georgia, Times, serif; line-height: 1.3;"><span id=".E7.94.9F.E6.B4.BB"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="生活">生活</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="font-family: sans-serif; user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em; color: rgb(84, 89, 93);">[</span><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; white-space: nowrap;">编辑</span><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em; color: rgb(84, 89, 93);">]</span></span></h2><h3 style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; overflow: hidden; font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 1.6; font-weight: bold;"><span id=".E7.94.9F.E6.B4.BB.E5.8F.B2"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="生活史">生活史</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="font-family: sans-serif; user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em; color: rgb(84, 89, 93);">[</span><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; white-space: nowrap;">编辑</span><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em; color: rgb(84, 89, 93);">]</span></span></h3><div class="thumb tleft" style="margin: 0.5em 1.4em 1.3em 0px; width: auto; background-color: transparent; float: left; clear: left;"><div class="thumbinner" style="border: 1px solid rgb(200, 204, 209); padding: 3px; background-color: rgb(248, 249, 250); font-size: 14.1075px; text-align: center; overflow: hidden; width: 252px;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Culex_sp_larvae.png/250px-Culex_sp_larvae.png" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="1370" data-file-height="834" style="border: 1px solid rgb(200, 204, 209); vertical-align: middle; background-color: rgb(248, 249, 250);" width="250" height="152"></span><div class="thumbcaption" style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.4em; padding: 3px; font-size: 13.2611px; text-align: left;">蚊子（<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="mw-redirect">家蚊属</span>）的幼虫，又称为“孑孓”</div></div></div><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px;">蚊科均为<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="mw-redirect">完全变态</span>，包括四个发育时期：卵、幼虫、<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">蛹</span>及成虫。前三个时期的长短与种类及温度有关。举例来说，媒斑蚊（<i>Culex tarsalis</i>，常见于<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="mw-redirect">美国</span>），在20℃下须14天来完成前三时期的发育。但在25℃上，只需要10天就可以发育完成。完成前三时期的发育所需的时间通常介于4天至一个月之间。蚊子的卵依种类的不同可能产在水面、水边或水中三种不同的位置，水面上的如疟蚊和家蚊，水边的如斑蚊。疟蚊和家蚊约在二天内孵化，而斑蚊则在三至五天会孵化。</p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px;">蚊科昆虫的幼虫又称为<b><ruby class="zy center" style="width: 100%; text-align: justify;"><rb style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">孑</rb><rt style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; font-feature-settings: "ruby"; padding: 0px 0.1em; user-select: none;"><big style="font-size: 1.143em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">jié</big></rt></ruby><ruby class="zy center" style="width: 100%; text-align: justify;"><rb style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">孓</rb><rt style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; font-feature-settings: "ruby"; padding: 0px 0.1em; user-select: none;"><big style="font-size: 1.143em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">jué</big></rt></ruby></b>，通常生活在池沼、水沟或积水的器皿等处。<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">孑孓</span>常用尾端贴著水面，作倒垂式的漂浮。这是孑孓在<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">呼吸</span>。它利用腹部近尾端的呼吸管，直接呼吸水面上的空气。孑孓利用口的刷毛会产生水流，流向嘴巴，以摄食有机物及微生物，但有少数种类以其他孑孓为食物。孑孓经过四次蜕皮后会发育成蛹。蛹几乎和孑孓一样活跃，不摄食，但可在水中游动。形状从侧面看起来成逗点状。靠连接胸部<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">气孔</span>的一对呼吸角呼吸。经两天完全成熟。</p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px;">有一些种类的蚊子幼虫（例如<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="瓶草蚊屬" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Wyeomyia"><span class="ilh-page"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 175, 137); background: none;" class="new">瓶草蚊属</span></span></span>），住在<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">凤梨科</span>植物中的积水里。有些甚至居住在<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="mw-redirect">猪笼草</span>等<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="mw-redirect">捕虫植物</span>之中。<i>Deinocerites</i>属的蚊子则居住在海边的小洞中。大部分不居住在热带的品种，都以卵的形态度过冬天。但也有少部分的种类以成虫或孑孓的型态来越冬，例如家蚊属的一些种类，即以雌成虫的型态来越冬。实验室发现，蚊子在0度以上能存活的时间非常长，大概能存活到三到五个月。<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; white-space: nowrap;"></span></sup></p><div class="thumb tright" style="margin: 0.5em 0px 1.3em 1.4em; width: auto; background-color: transparent; clear: right; float: right;"><div class="thumbinner" style="border: 1px solid rgb(200, 204, 209); padding: 3px; background-color: rgb(248, 249, 250); font-size: 14.1075px; text-align: center; overflow: hidden; width: 222px;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Mosquito_larva.jpg/220px-Mosquito_larva.jpg" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="465" style="border: 1px solid rgb(200, 204, 209); vertical-align: middle; background-color: rgb(248, 249, 250);" width="220" height="292"></span><div class="thumbcaption" style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.4em; padding: 3px; font-size: 13.2611px; text-align: left;">孑孓</div></div></div><h3 style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; overflow: hidden; font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 1.6; font-weight: bold;"><span id=".E6.94.9D.E9.A3.9F"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="攝食">摄食</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="font-family: sans-serif; user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em; color: rgb(84, 89, 93);">[</span><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; white-space: nowrap;">编辑</span><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em; color: rgb(84, 89, 93);">]</span></span></h3><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px;">大部分蚊科的雌蚊均有吸血习性，主要是为了交配后产卵（并非靠吸食血液维生），所以它们的口器特化为细长的喙，以便刺穿动物的<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">皮肤</span>。跟其他吸血昆虫的针状（像注射针筒）口器不同，雌蚊口器上布满了锯齿状的突出。和注射针头平滑的表面相比，锯齿状的口器和皮肤组织接触的面积较小，这减少了对于神经的刺激，所以产生的疼痛感大大降低。蚊子吸血时，会反复的穿刺皮肤，藉这个动作来寻找最适合的穿刺位置（以<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">微血管</span>密度决定）。接着，将口针刺入皮肤并注射含有<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="mw-redirect">抗凝血化合物</span>的<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">唾液</span>，有时唾液含有<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">病原体</span>并可能感染<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="mw-redirect">寄主</span>。口针可直接刺入微血管，或利用口器的游移划破微血管，形成血池后再吸血。</p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px;">雌蚊借由特殊的感应器来寻找它们的猎物。雌蚊对<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">二氧化碳</span>、<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="mw-disambig">热</span>及汗水非常敏感，所以它们能在一定的距离内寻找<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="mw-redirect">恒温动物</span>的<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="mw-redirect">哺乳类</span>和<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="mw-redirect">鸟</span>叮咬。经常有人认为血型、肥胖、性别甚至血糖会影响被叮咬的风险，但是在世界范围内都没有令人信服的统计数据。</p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px;">雌蚊需要摄取<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="mw-redirect">蛋白质</span>以获得足够的营养来产卵，而从一般雄蚊的正常饮食（花蜜、果汁）中无法获得足量的蛋白质，因此雌蚊才会吸血。而也有少数蚊科雌雄皆不吸血，如<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background: none;" class="new">巨蚊属</span>的雌蚊口器构造并不适合吸血，成虫以花蜜为主食，幼虫则以其他蚊子（包含同类）的幼虫为食。</p><h2 style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-size: 1.5em; font-weight: normal; font-family: "Linux Libertine", Georgia, Times, serif; line-height: 1.3;"><span id=".E6.BC.94.E5.8C.96"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="演化">演化</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="font-family: sans-serif; user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em; color: rgb(84, 89, 93);">[</span><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; white-space: nowrap;">编辑</span><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em; color: rgb(84, 89, 93);">]</span></span></h2><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px;">据信，在2.26亿年前的<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">三叠纪</span>就已经演化出蚊子的始祖。而最早的<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">化石</span>证据则发现于<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="mw-redirect">白垩纪</span>晚期的岩层当中。最初演化出蚊子的区域是在现今的<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">南美洲</span>，接着逐渐往北迁徙到<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="mw-redirect">劳亚古陆</span>，接着再度往南迁徙到热带地区。蚊子的祖先大约有现存种类的三倍大，与<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background: none;" class="new">幽蚊科</span>（<i>Chaoboridae</i>）有密切的关系。</p><h2 style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-size: 1.5em; font-weight: normal; font-family: "Linux Libertine", Georgia, Times, serif; line-height: 1.3;"><span id=".E8.9A.8A.E8.88.87.E5.81.A5.E5.BA.B7"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="蚊與健康">蚊与健康</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="font-family: sans-serif; user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em; color: rgb(84, 89, 93);">[</span><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; white-space: nowrap;">编辑</span><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em; color: rgb(84, 89, 93);">]</span></span></h2><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px;">在世界中大部分的地区，蚊是严重的公共卫生问题。估计，每年约有7亿人被蚊子传染各种疾病，且每十七人中，就有1人死于被蚊子传染的各种疾病。<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; white-space: nowrap;"></span></sup>蚊子每年杀死70万人。<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; white-space: nowrap;"></span></sup>尤其是在热带地区，多种<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">传染病</span>常借由蚊子传染给人类。但在大多数温带国家，例如<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="mw-redirect">美国</span>、<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="mw-redirect">英国</span>、<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="mw-redirect">新西兰</span>、<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">日本</span>，被蚊子咬通常只会发痒，而不至于被传染疾病。<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background: url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif") right center no-repeat; padding-right: 16px;" class="external autonumber"></span></p><h3 style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; overflow: hidden; font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 1.6; font-weight: bold;"><span id=".E5.82.B3.E6.9F.93.E7.96.BE.E7.97.85.E7.9A.84.E6.A9.9F.E5.88.B6"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="傳染疾病的機制">传染疾病的机制</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="font-family: sans-serif; user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em; color: rgb(84, 89, 93);">[</span><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; white-space: nowrap;">编辑</span><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em; color: rgb(84, 89, 93);">]</span></span></h3><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px;">雌蚊在吸血时，若叮咬的对象是病人，则病原可能借由这个动作进入蚊子体内，并借着蚊子的叮咬传播。但不是每一种蚊子都可以传播每一种病毒。只有特定种类的蚊子（称为<b>病媒蚊</b>），可以传播特定种类的病毒。若病毒被非病媒蚊的蚊子吸取，则会在蚊子的<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="mw-redirect">消化系统</span>中被<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="mw-redirect">酵素</span>破坏，失去传染力。<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; white-space: nowrap;"></span></sup>由于只有雌蚊会吸血，所以只有雌蚊会传染疾病。</p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px;">蚊子对狗会间接传染<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">犬心丝虫</span>及<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="mw-redirect">立克次体</span>的疾病。</p><h3 style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; overflow: hidden; font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 1.6; font-weight: bold;"><span id=".E7.98.A7.E8.9A.8A.E8.88.87.E7.98.A7.E7.96.BE"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="瘧蚊與瘧疾">疟蚊与疟疾</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="font-family: sans-serif; user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em; color: rgb(84, 89, 93);">[</span><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; white-space: nowrap;">编辑</span><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em; color: rgb(84, 89, 93);">]</span></span></h3><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" style="font-size: small; padding-left: 2em; margin-bottom: 0.8em; margin-top: 0.8em;">主条目：<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="mw-redirect">疟疾</span></div><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px;">蚊科之下的一个属，<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="mw-redirect">疟蚊属</span>（<i>Anopheles</i>），是单细胞<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">原生生物界</span><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">疟原虫</span>的中介<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="mw-redirect">寄主</span>；其雌蚊吸血姿态呈倾斜倒立状，头部非常靠近皮肤，非常好辨认。全世界疟蚊属的成员有400种，其中85种能传播疟疾。疟原虫造成的<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="mw-redirect">疟疾</span>是全球人类主要的死因之一，尤其是五岁以下的孩童，更容易受到疟疾的感染而死亡。疟疾每年约造成3百万人死亡，<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; white-space: nowrap;"></span></sup>会传染疟疾的疟蚊分布在<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">中</span><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">南美洲</span>、<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">非洲</span>、<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">大洋洲</span>和<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="mw-redirect">中亚</span>，尤以非洲最为严重。在非洲，平均每30秒就有一个儿童死于疟疾。<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; white-space: nowrap;"></span></sup></p><div class="thumb tright" style="margin: 0.5em 0px 1.3em 1.4em; width: auto; background-color: transparent; clear: right; float: right;"><div class="thumbinner" style="border: 1px solid rgb(200, 204, 209); padding: 3px; background-color: rgb(248, 249, 250); font-size: 14.1075px; text-align: center; overflow: hidden; width: 222px;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/AnophelesGambiaemosquito.jpg/220px-AnophelesGambiaemosquito.jpg" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="458" style="border: 1px solid rgb(200, 204, 209); vertical-align: middle; background-color: rgb(248, 249, 250);" width="220" height="144"></span><div class="thumbcaption" style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.4em; padding: 3px; font-size: 13.2611px; text-align: left;">冈比亚疟蚊（<i>Anopheles Gambiae</i>），疟蚊的一种</div></div></div><h3 style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; overflow: hidden; font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 1.6; font-weight: bold;"><span id=".E5.85.B6.E4.BB.96.E7.96.BE.E7.97.85"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="其他疾病">其他疾病</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="font-family: sans-serif; user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em; color: rgb(84, 89, 93);">[</span><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; white-space: nowrap;">编辑</span><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em; color: rgb(84, 89, 93);">]</span></span></h3><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px;">大部分种类的蚊子都能够传染<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background: none;" class="new">丝虫病</span>（由<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="mw-redirect">线虫</span>导致）。这种疾病会导致<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background: none;" class="new">橡皮肿</span>（gumma）使外生殖器及大腿异常肿大。在全球，约有120万人感染丝虫病。<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background: url("/w/skins/Vector/resources/skins.vector.styles/images/external-link-ltr-icon.svg?b4b84") right center no-repeat; padding-right: 13px;" class="external autonumber"></span><span> </span>大部分品种的蚊子会传染<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">病毒</span>性的疾病，包括<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="mw-redirect">黄热病</span>、<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="mw-redirect">登革热</span>、<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="mw-redirect">日本脑炎</span>、<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background: none;" class="new">圣路易脑炎</span>、<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="mw-redirect">多发性关节炎</span>、<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">裂谷热</span>（Rift Valley fever）、<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="mw-redirect">契昆根亚热</span>及<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">西尼罗河热</span>。</p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px;">一般情况下，<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="mw-redirect">艾滋病</span><b>不会</b>借由蚊子叮咬而传染。</p><h3 style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; overflow: hidden; font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 1.6; font-weight: bold;"><span id=".E5.8F.AE.E5.92.AC.E8.88.87.E5.85.8D.E7.96.AB.E5.8F.8D.E6.87.89"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="叮咬與免疫反應">叮咬与免疫反应</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="font-family: sans-serif; user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em; color: rgb(84, 89, 93);">[</span><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; white-space: nowrap;">编辑</span><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em; color: rgb(84, 89, 93);">]</span></span></h3><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px;">蚊子使用口针（stylets），六根针状、类似抽血用针的构造来刺进人类的<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">皮肤</span>，吸取血液摄食。当蚊子叮咬人类时，会从<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">口器</span>输出<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">唾液</span>。其唾液含有<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="mw-redirect">蚁酸</span>、<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="mw-redirect">抗凝血化合物</span>及目前成分不明的<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="mw-redirect">蛋白质</span>（目前已知至少含15种），其中酸性物质是用来溶解皮肤表层的<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">角质层</span>；抗凝血化合物则是避免在蚊子吸食血液时，血液突然<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="mw-redirect">凝固</span>。第一次被咬时，身体不会有任何特殊反应。但从第二次开始，人体<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="mw-redirect">免疫系统</span>的<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">肥大细胞</span>会释放出<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">组织胺</span>，以便对抗蚊子所带来的外来物质，造成皮肤发痒和红肿。这种刺激性感觉，乃是被叮咬者对蚊子唾液的一种<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="mw-redirect">过敏</span>反应。</p><h2 style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-size: 1.5em; font-weight: normal; font-family: "Linux Libertine", Georgia, Times, serif; line-height: 1.3;"><span id=".E8.9A.8A.E8.88.87.E4.BF.A1.E4.BB.B0"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="蚊與信仰">蚊与信仰</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="font-family: sans-serif; user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em; color: rgb(84, 89, 93);">[</span><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; white-space: nowrap;">编辑</span><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em; color: rgb(84, 89, 93);">]</span></span></h2><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="mw-redirect">古兰经</span>把蚊子作为一个特别的例子，向人们展示真主的存在：</p><table class="cquote pullquote" role="presentation" style="font-size: 15.008px; margin: auto; border-collapse: collapse; border: none; background-color: transparent; width: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="width: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: none; color: rgb(178, 183, 242); font-size: 40px; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-weight: bold; line-height: 0.6em; text-align: left; padding: 10px;">“</td><td style="vertical-align: top; border: none; padding: 4px 10px;">真主的确不嫌以蚊子或更小的事物设任何比喻；通道者，都知道那是从他们的主降示的真理；不通道者却说：‘真主设这个比喻的宗旨是什么？他以比喻使许多人入迷途。’”</td><td style="width: 20px; vertical-align: bottom; border: none; color: rgb(178, 183, 242); font-size: 40px; font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-weight: bold; line-height: 0.6em; text-align: right; padding: 10px;">”</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" class="cquotecite" style="border: none; padding-right: 48.5938px; font-size: smaller; text-align: right;"><cite style="font-style: normal;">—— <i>──古兰经 第二章（بقره，黄牛）：26</i></cite></td></tr></tbody></table><h2 style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-size: 1.5em; font-weight: normal; font-family: "Linux Libertine", Georgia, Times, serif; line-height: 1.3;"><span id=".E5.88.86.E9.A1.9E"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="分類">分类</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="font-family: sans-serif; user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em; color: rgb(84, 89, 93);">[</span><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; white-space: nowrap;">编辑</span><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em; color: rgb(84, 89, 93);">]</span></span></h2><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px;">本科包括了约3500种，38属。又分成：<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background: none;" class="new">疟蚊亚科</span>（Anophelinae）及<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background: none;" class="new">家蚊亚科</span>（Culicinae，包括了80%以上的种类）两个亚科；旧分类法原有的<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background: none;" class="new">巨蚊亚科</span>（Toxorhynchitinae）现被归为<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background: none;" class="new">家蚊亚科</span>的一个<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">族</span>，即<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background: none;" class="new">巨蚊族</span>（Toxorhynchitini）。以下仅列出较重要的数个属。</p><ul style="list-style-image: url("/w/skins/Vector/resources/skins.vector.styles/images/bullet-icon.svg?d4515"); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="mw-redirect">斑蚊属</span>（伊蚊）<span> </span><i>Aedes</i><div class="thumb tright" style="margin: 0.5em 0px 1.3em 1.4em; width: auto; background-color: transparent; clear: right; float: right;"><div class="thumbinner" style="border: 1px solid rgb(200, 204, 209); padding: 3px; background-color: rgb(248, 249, 250); font-size: 14.1075px; text-align: center; overflow: hidden; width: 222px;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Mosquito_GSACS.jpg/220px-Mosquito_GSACS.jpg" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="791" data-file-height="673" style="border: 1px solid rgb(200, 204, 209); vertical-align: middle; background-color: rgb(248, 249, 250);" width="220" height="187"></span><div class="thumbcaption" style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.4em; padding: 3px; font-size: 13.2611px; text-align: left;">白线斑纹<i>Aedes albopictus</i></div></div></div></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="mw-redirect">疟蚊属</span>（按蚊）<span> </span><i>Anopheles</i></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background: none;" class="new">丛蚊属</span>（阿蚊）<span> </span><i>Armigeres</i></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background: none;" class="new">苛蚊属</span>（轲蚊）<span> </span><i>Coquillettidia</i></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="mw-redirect">家蚊属</span>（库蚊）<span> </span><i>Culex</i><div class="thumb tright" style="margin: 0.5em 0px 1.3em 1.4em; width: auto; background-color: transparent; clear: right; float: right;"><div class="thumbinner" style="border: 1px solid rgb(200, 204, 209); padding: 3px; background-color: rgb(248, 249, 250); font-size: 14.1075px; text-align: center; overflow: hidden; width: 222px;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Gelege1.jpg/220px-Gelege1.jpg" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="765" data-file-height="666" style="border: 1px solid rgb(200, 204, 209); vertical-align: middle; background-color: rgb(248, 249, 250);" width="220" height="192"></span><div class="thumbcaption" style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.4em; padding: 3px; font-size: 13.2611px; text-align: left;">家蚊的卵</div></div></div></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background: none;" class="new">绒蚊属</span>（脉毛蚊）<span> </span><i>Culiseta</i></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background: none;" class="new">费蚊属</span><span> </span><i>Ficalbia</i></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background: none;" class="new">黑蚊属</span><span> </span><i>Heizmznnia</i></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background: none;" class="new">嗜血蚊属</span><span> </span><i>Hemagogus</i></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background: none;" class="new">霍蚊属</span><span> </span><i>Hodgesia</i></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background: none;" class="new">芋蚊属</span>（钩蚊）<span> </span><i>Malaya</i></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background: none;" class="new">沼蚊属</span>（曼蚊）<span> </span><i>Mansonia</i></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background: none;" class="new">妙蚊属</span><span> </span><i>Minmomyia</i></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background: none;" class="new">直蚊属</span>（直脚蚊）<span> </span><i>Orthopodomyia</i></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">鳞蚊属</span><span> </span><i>Psorophora</i></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background: none;" class="new">煞蚊属</span><span> </span><i>Sabethes</i></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background: none;" class="new">土蚊属</span>（局限蚊）<span> </span><i>Topomyia</i></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background: none;" class="new">巨蚊属</span><span> </span><i>Toxorhynchites</i></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background: none;" class="new">翠蚊属</span>（杵蚊）<span> </span><i>Tripteroides</i></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background: none;" class="new">尤蚊属</span><span> </span><i>Udaya</i></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background: none;" class="new">小蚊属</span>（蓝带蚊）<span> </span><i>Uranotaenia</i></li></ul><h2 style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-size: 1.5em; font-weight: normal; font-family: "Linux Libertine", Georgia, Times, serif; line-height: 1.3;"><span id=".E6.8E.A7.E5.88.B6"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="控制">控制</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="font-family: sans-serif; user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em; color: rgb(84, 89, 93);">[</span><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; white-space: nowrap;">编辑</span><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em; color: rgb(84, 89, 93);">]</span></span></h2><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px;">依情形的不同，有许多不同<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="蚊虫控制" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="mosquito control"><span class="ilh-page"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 175, 137); background: none;" class="new">蚊虫控制</span></span></span>的方法，主要有以下几种：</p><ul style="list-style-image: url("/w/skins/Vector/resources/skins.vector.styles/images/bullet-icon.svg?d4515"); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">减少孳生源（例如清除积水）。</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">生物控制（例如引入像<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">蜻蜓</span>等自然界的天敌）</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">使用捕捉或杀虫剂来消灭<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">孑孓</span>或蚊子</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">隔离（例如使用蚊帐或纱窗，使蚊子没有机会叮咬）</li></ul><h2 style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-size: 1.5em; font-weight: normal; font-family: "Linux Libertine", Georgia, Times, serif; line-height: 1.3;"><span id=".E9.A9.B1.E8.9A.8A.E3.80.81.E7.81.AD.E8.9A.8A.E5.81.8F.E6.96.B9"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="驱蚊、灭蚊偏方">驱蚊、灭蚊偏方</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="font-family: sans-serif; user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em; color: rgb(84, 89, 93);">[</span><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; white-space: nowrap;">编辑</span><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em; color: rgb(84, 89, 93);">]</span></span></h2><table class="box-Refimprove plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation" style="font-size: 13.207px; margin: 4px 1em 4px 0px; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 10px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(162, 169, 177) rgb(162, 169, 177) rgb(162, 169, 177) rgb(242, 133, 0); border-image: initial; background: rgb(248, 249, 250); width: 238px; border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 1.25em;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image" style="border: none; padding: 2px 0px 2px 0.5em; text-align: center;"><br></td><td class="mbox-text" style="border: none; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; width: 176.812px;"><br></td></tr></tbody></table><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px;">由于有些品种的蚊子能传播疾病，驱蚊与灭蚊一直成为人类关注的重要课题。坊间亦有人提出不同的方法来驱蚊与灭蚊，然而很多属于偏方，<b>没有足够的科学证据与实验证明其效用</b>。部分此类的方法如下：</p><ul style="list-style-image: url("/w/skins/Vector/resources/skins.vector.styles/images/bullet-icon.svg?d4515"); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">设法降低室内空气湿度，尽量控制室内相对湿度在50%左右最为理想<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; white-space: nowrap;"></span></sup>。</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">在卧室内放置几盒揭盖的清凉油和<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">风油精</span>，或摆放一两盆<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">夜来香</span>、<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">薰衣草</span>、<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="mw-disambig">七里香</span>、<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">食虫植物</span>（如<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="mw-redirect">猪笼草</span>等）、<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background: none;" class="new">逐蝇梅</span>、<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background: none;" class="new">驱蚊草</span>、<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">紫茉莉</span>、<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">万寿菊</span>、<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">茉莉花</span>、<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="mw-redirect">杜鹃花</span>、<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="mw-redirect">米兰</span>、<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="mw-disambig">丁香</span>、<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">薄荷</span>或<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">玫瑰</span>等，蚊子因不堪忍受它们的气味而躲避。</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">室内安装橘<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">红色</span><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="mw-redirect">灯泡</span>，或用透光的橘红色<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">玻璃纸</span>套在灯泡上，开灯后蚊子惧怕橘红色<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="mw-redirect">光线</span>也会逃离。</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">用空酒瓶装上糖水或<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">啤酒</span>放在阴暗处，蚊子闻到甜酒味就会往瓶子里钻，会被糖水或啤酒粘住致死。<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; white-space: nowrap;"></span></sup></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">在玻璃器皿或陶瓷瓦罐等容器的表面均匀涂上一层驱蛔灵糖浆，口朝下放在暗处，蚊子吸食后也会中毒死亡。</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">将晒干后的残茶叶和桔子皮等燃烧可以驱蚊。</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">口服<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">维生素</span>B或含<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">维生素B</span>多的食物，如<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">糙米</span>、<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">豆类</span>、<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">干果</span>、<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">硬果</span>、<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">花生仁</span>、<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">水果</span>、绿叶<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">蔬菜</span>，通过<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">人体</span>生理<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">代谢</span>后从<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="mw-disambig">汗</span>液排出体外，也会产生一种蚊子不敢接近的气味。</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">每天在天黑之前以及早晨起床后在纱门与纱窗上去人工捕杀。</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">用适量<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">薄荷</span>、<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="mw-redirect">紫苏</span>或<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="mw-redirect">西红柿</span>的<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="mw-redirect">叶</span>，揉出汁涂抹于人体裸露的皮肤上。</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">将3至5片<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="mw-redirect">维生素B1</span>溶解于水中，擦拭暴露在外面的肢体，能驱除蚊虫叮咬。</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">用调味品中的<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">八角</span>、<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">茴香</span>各两枚，泡于温水脸盆中，用其水洗澡，蚊子不敢近身。</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">在灯下挂一把香<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">葱</span>，或用纱袋装几根葱段有助于驱蚊。</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">穿<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">黄色</span>、<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">白色</span>等浅色衣服可以降低被蚊子叮咬的几率。</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">根据<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="mw-redirect">达尔文</span><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="mw-redirect">天择说</span>理论，用相同药剂会使无抗药性的蚊子死亡，而有抗药性的蚊子将会继续繁衍，最后药剂将无法对蚊子起作用，故应更换药剂使用。</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">将<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">洗衣粉</span>和<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">肥皂</span>丝开水，放在地下角落。香味会诱使蚊产卵，而水里的<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="mw-redirect">碱性</span>物质会令蚊卵无法存活。在生命周期短又无法繁殖下一代的情况下，蚊子的数量自然越来越少。</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">在窗户加装排风扇，除进风口与出风口外，其余门窗紧闭，控制室内热对流的及空气流通，可减少蚊子。</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">任何内部黑色容器于夜晚开放容器盖子，蚊子会在凌晨自己躲入容器内。用任何透明盖子盖住容器，当阳光强烈时，移至阳光下暴晒数十分钟，即可杀死蚊子。</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">灭蚊油是非常方便的杀虫剂。喷洒蚊油前要将房间的所有门窗关紧，将蚊油向房间上空喷一圈。人要立刻离开房间。至少半小时后才可进入房间也同时把门窗开放。蚊油毒性虽不强，但毕竟对人有害。</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">蚊香</span>和<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">电蚊香</span>可让蚊子头晕目眩，虽然毒性不强，但吸入过多对人体也有害处。</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">任何内部黑色容器内装灯炮,夜晚开放容器盖子，蚊子会在凌晨自己躲入容器内。于白天将容器盖住, 开电产生热度而将蚊子烘死。</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">让蚊子绝育。中国科学家向登革热疫情严重的广州<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background: none;" class="new">沙仔岛</span>和<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background: none;" class="new">大刀沙</span>释放了 2 亿失去生育能力的雄性<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="mw-redirect">亚洲虎蚊</span>，基本消灭了岛屿上的蚊群。研究报告发表在《自然》期刊上。这些蚊子通过短暂的暴露在<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;" class="mw-redirect">伽玛射线</span>下，感染三种不同的<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background: none;" class="new">沃尔巴克氏体细菌</span>，而失去了繁殖能力。雄性蚊子还喂养了糖，使其更大更强壮，在交配季更能吸引雌性蚊子，与这些雄性交配后的雌性产下的卵不会孵化。两年的实验之后野生蚊群基本消失。研究人员发现了岛上还生活着一些蚊子，但基因分析显示它们来源于其它地方，很可能是通过交通工具来到岛上的。岛民一开始对这项实验持怀疑态度，沙仔岛只有13%支持。虽然特别喂养的蚊子不会咬人，但岛民们对释出如此多的蚊子还是感到很不舒服。但在实验结束之际，持支持立场的人数大增，原因之一是被蚊子叮咬的记录下降了96%。<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;"><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; white-space: nowrap;"></span></sup></li></ul><h2 style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-size: 1.5em; font-weight: normal; font-family: "Linux Libertine", Georgia, Times, serif; line-height: 1.3;"><span id=".E6.96.87.E5.8C.96"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="文化">文化</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="font-family: sans-serif; user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em; color: rgb(84, 89, 93);">[</span><span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none; white-space: nowrap;">编辑</span><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em; color: rgb(84, 89, 93);">]</span></span></h2><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px;">蚊子又被称为白鸟。《<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">大戴礼记</span>·夏小正》：“白鸟也者，谓蚊<ruby class="zy center" style="width: 100%; text-align: justify;"><rb style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">蚋</rb><rt style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; font-feature-settings: "ruby"; padding: 0px 0.1em; user-select: none;"><big style="font-size: 1.143em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">ruì</big></rt></ruby>也。”<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">梁元帝</span>《<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background: none;" class="new">金楼子</span>·立言上》：“白鸟，蚊也。齐桓公卧于柏寝，谓仲父曰：‘吾国富民殷，无余忧矣。一物失所，寡人犹为之悒悒，今白鸟营营，饥而未饱，寡人忧之。’因开翠纱之帱，进蚊子焉。”<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">沈复</span>《<span style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">浮生六记</span>·儿时记趣》：“夏蚊成雷，私拟作群鹤舞空，心之所向，则或千或百，果然鹤也。昂首观之，项为之强。又留蚊于素帐中，徐喷以烟，使之冲烟而飞鸣，作青云白鹤观，果如鹤唳云端，为之怡然称快。”</p></div></div></div><p></p>
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